yolo2（案例）2 作者：马育民 • 2020-10-07 17:35 • 阅读：10093 ### 构建神经网络 ``` def space_to_depth_x2(x): return tf.nn.space_to_depth(x, block_size=2) ``` ``` def build_model(): # 3.1 input_image = layers.Input((IMGSZ,IMGSZ, 3), dtype='float32') # unit1 x = layers.Conv2D(32, (3,3), strides=(1,1),padding='same', name='conv_1', use_bias=False)(input_image) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_1')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) x = layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2,2))(x) # unit2 x = layers.Conv2D(64, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_2',use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_2')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) x = layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2,2))(x) # Layer 3 x = layers.Conv2D(128, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_3', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_3')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 4 x = layers.Conv2D(64, (1,1), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_4', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_4')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 5 x = layers.Conv2D(128, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_5', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_5')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) x = layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2))(x) # Layer 6 x = layers.Conv2D(256, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_6', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_6')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 7 x = layers.Conv2D(128, (1,1), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_7', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_7')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 8 x = layers.Conv2D(256, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_8', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_8')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) x = layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2))(x) # Layer 9 x = layers.Conv2D(512, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_9', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_9')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 10 x = layers.Conv2D(256, (1,1), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_10', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_10')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 11 x = layers.Conv2D(512, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_11', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_11')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 12 x = layers.Conv2D(256, (1,1), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_12', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_12')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 13 x = layers.Conv2D(512, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_13', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_13')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # for skip connection skip_x = x # [b,32,32,512] x = layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2))(x) # Layer 14 x = layers.Conv2D(1024, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_14', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_14')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 15 x = layers.Conv2D(512, (1,1), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_15', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_15')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 16 x = layers.Conv2D(1024, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_16', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_16')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 17 x = layers.Conv2D(512, (1,1), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_17', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_17')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 18 x = layers.Conv2D(1024, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_18', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_18')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 19 x = layers.Conv2D(1024, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_19', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_19')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 20 x = layers.Conv2D(1024, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_20', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_20')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) # Layer 21 skip_x = layers.Conv2D(64, (1,1), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_21', use_bias=False)(skip_x) skip_x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_21')(skip_x) skip_x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(skip_x) skip_x=layers.Lambda(space_to_depth_x2, name='space_to_depth')(skip_x) # concat # [b,16,16,1024], [b,16,16,256],=> [b,16,16,1280] x = layers.concatenate([skip_x, x], axis=-1) # Layer 22 x = layers.Conv2D(1024, (3,3), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_22', use_bias=False)(x) x = layers.BatchNormalization(name='norm_22')(x) x = layers.LeakyReLU(alpha=0.1)(x) x = layers.Dropout(0.5)(x) # add dropout # [b,16,16,5,7] => [b,16,16,35] x = layers.Conv2D(5*7, (1,1), strides=(1,1), padding='same', name='conv_23')(x) output = layers.Reshape((GRIDSZ,GRIDSZ,5,7))(x) # create model model = keras.models.Model(input_image, output) return model ``` ``` model=build_model() model.summary() ``` ### 加载darknet19权重文件 需要转换格式才能加载到tf模型中 ``` # 3.2 class WeightReader: def __init__(self, weight_file): self.offset = 4 self.all_weights = np.fromfile(weight_file, dtype='float32') def read_bytes(self, size): self.offset = self.offset + size return self.all_weights[self.offset - size:self.offset] def reset(self): self.offset = 4 ``` ``` def load_weight(model,weight_path): weight_reader = WeightReader(weight_path) weight_reader.reset() nb_conv = 23 for i in range(1, nb_conv + 1): layer_name='conv_' + str(i) print(layer_name,end='') conv_layer = model.get_layer(layer_name) conv_layer.trainable = True if i < nb_conv: norm_layer = model.get_layer('norm_' + str(i)) norm_layer.trainable = True size = np.prod(norm_layer.get_weights()[0].shape) beta = weight_reader.read_bytes(size) gamma = weight_reader.read_bytes(size) mean = weight_reader.read_bytes(size) var = weight_reader.read_bytes(size) weights = norm_layer.set_weights([gamma, beta, mean, var]) if len(conv_layer.get_weights()) > 1: bias = weight_reader.read_bytes(np.prod(conv_layer.get_weights()[1].shape)) kernel = weight_reader.read_bytes(np.prod(conv_layer.get_weights()[0].shape)) kernel = kernel.reshape(list(reversed(conv_layer.get_weights()[0].shape))) kernel = kernel.transpose([2, 3, 1, 0]) conv_layer.set_weights([kernel, bias]) else: kernel = weight_reader.read_bytes(np.prod(conv_layer.get_weights()[0].shape)) kernel = kernel.reshape(list(reversed(conv_layer.get_weights()[0].shape))) kernel = kernel.transpose([2, 3, 1, 0]) conv_layer.set_weights([kernel]) print(" ok") print("end") ``` ``` load_weight(model,yolo_weight_path) ``` ### 微调 微调倒数第二层的权重 ``` def fine_tune(model): layer = model.layers[-2] # last convolutional layer # print(layer.name) layer.trainable = True weights = layer.get_weights() print("old weights:",weights) new_kernel = np.random.normal(size=weights[0].shape) / (GRIDSZ * GRIDSZ) new_bias = np.random.normal(size=weights[1].shape) / (GRIDSZ * GRIDSZ) print("new_kernel:",new_kernel) print("new_bias:",new_bias) layer.set_weights([new_kernel, new_bias]) fine_tune(model) ``` ### 损失函数 计算4个损失： 1. 坐标损失（coordinate loss） 2. class Loss 3. 计算IOU 4. 梯度下降 ``` from tensorflow.keras import losses def compute_iou(x1,y1,w1,h1, x2,y2,w2,h2): # x1...:[b,16,16,5] xmin1 = x1 - 0.5*w1 xmax1 = x1 + 0.5*w1 ymin1 = y1 - 0.5*h1 ymax1 = y1 + 0.5*h1 xmin2 = x2 - 0.5*w2 xmax2 = x2 + 0.5*w2 ymin2 = y2 - 0.5*h2 ymax2 = y2 + 0.5*h2 # (xmin1,ymin1,xmax1,ymax1) (xmin2,ymin2,xmax2,ymax2) interw = tf.minimum(xmax1,xmax2) - tf.maximum(xmin1,xmin2) interh = tf.minimum(ymax1, ymax2) - tf.maximum(ymin1, ymin2) inter = interw * interh union = w1*h1 +w2*h2 - inter iou = inter / (union + 1e-6) # [b,16,16,5] return iou ``` ``` def build_grid(batch): """ 构建坐标矩阵 参数： - batch：传入预测结果的batch 返回值： 返回(batch,16,16,5,2)数组，表示16x16的图像上，每个像素点有5个(x,y)坐标，坐标顺序(0,0),(1,0)... """ # create starting position for each grid anchors # [16,16] x_grid = tf.tile(tf.range(GRIDSZ),[GRIDSZ]) # [1,16,16,1,1] # [b,16,16,5,2] x_grid = tf.reshape(x_grid, (1,GRIDSZ,GRIDSZ,1,1)) x_grid = tf.cast(x_grid, tf.float32) # print("x_grid:",x_grid.shape) # [b,16_1,16_2,1,1]=>[b,16_2,16_1,1,1] y_grid = tf.transpose(x_grid, (0,2,1,3,4)) # print("y_grid:",y_grid.shape) xy_grid = tf.concat([x_grid, y_grid],axis=-1) # print("xy_grid:",xy_grid.shape) # [1,16,16,1,2]=> [b,16,16,5,2] xy_grid = tf.tile(xy_grid, [batch, 1,1,5,1]) # print("xy_grid:",xy_grid.shape) return xy_grid build_grid(1) ``` ``` DEBUG=True def yolo_loss(detector_mask, matching_gt_boxes, matching_classes_oh, gt_boxes_grid, y_pred): """ 计算4个损失： 1. 坐标损失（coordinate loss） 2. class Loss 3. 计算IOU 4. 梯度下降 参数： detector_mask：在16x16的网格中，每个网格有5个 anchors，哪个anchors与目标iou最大，就设置该anchors值为1 matching_gt_box：在16x16的网格中，每个网格有5个 anchors，哪个anchors与目标iou最大，就设置该anchors值为x-y-w-h-l matching_classes_oh：分类(one-hot)，形状(10, 16, 16, 5, 2) gt_boxes_grid：保存box的中心点坐标(x,y)，宽w，高h，分类(非one-hot) y_pred：神经网络执行结果 """ # detector_mask: [b,16,16,5,1] # matching_gt_boxes: [b,16,16,5,5] x-y-w-h-l # matching_classes_oh: [b,16,16,5,2] l1-l2 # gt_boxes_grid: [b,40,5] x-y-wh-l # y_pred: [b,16,16,5,7] x-y-w-h-conf-l0-l1 # create starting position for each grid anchors # [16,16] # 计算预测框的坐标、宽高 xy_grid=build_grid(y_pred.shape[0]) # [b,16,16,5,7] x-y-w-h-conf-l1-l2 pred_xy = tf.sigmoid(y_pred[...,0:2]) pred_xy = pred_xy + xy_grid # [b,16,16,5,2] pred_wh = tf.exp(y_pred[...,2:4]) # [b,16,16,5,2] * [5,2] => [b,16,16,5,2] pred_wh = pred_wh * ANCHORS n_detector_mask = tf.reduce_sum(tf.cast(detector_mask>0., tf.float32)) # [b,16,16,5,1] * [b,16,16,5,2] # xy_loss = detector_mask * tf.square(matching_gt_boxes[...,:2]-pred_xy) / (n_detector_mask+1e-6) xy_loss = tf.reduce_sum(xy_loss) wh_loss = detector_mask * tf.square(tf.sqrt(matching_gt_boxes[...,2:4])-\ tf.sqrt(pred_wh)) / (n_detector_mask+1e-6) wh_loss = tf.reduce_sum(wh_loss) # 4.1 coordinate loss coord_loss = xy_loss + wh_loss if DEBUG: print("coord_loss::",coord_loss) tf.print("coord_loss::",coord_loss) # 4.2 class loss # [b,16,16,5,2] pred_box_class = y_pred[...,5:] # [b,16,16,5] true_box_class = tf.argmax(matching_classes_oh,-1) # [b,16,16,5] vs [b,16,16,5,2] class_loss = losses.sparse_categorical_crossentropy(\ true_box_class, pred_box_class, from_logits=True) # [b,16,16,5] => [b,16,16,5,1]* [b,16,16,5,1] class_loss = tf.expand_dims(class_loss,-1) * detector_mask class_loss = tf.reduce_sum(class_loss) / (n_detector_mask+1e-6) if DEBUG: print("class_loss::",class_loss) # 4.3 object loss # nonobject_mask # iou done! # [b,16,16,5] x1,y1,w1,h1 = matching_gt_boxes[...,0],matching_gt_boxes[...,1],\ matching_gt_boxes[...,2],matching_gt_boxes[...,3] # [b,16,16,5] x2,y2,w2,h2 = pred_xy[...,0],pred_xy[...,1],pred_wh[...,0],pred_wh[...,1] ious = compute_iou(x1,y1,w1,h1, x2,y2,w2,h2) # [b,16,16,5,1] ious = tf.expand_dims(ious, axis=-1) # [b,16,16,5,1] pred_conf = tf.sigmoid(y_pred[...,4:5]) # [b,16,16,5,2] => [b,16,16,5, 1, 2] pred_xy = tf.expand_dims(pred_xy, axis=4) # [b,16,16,5,2] => [b,16,16,5, 1, 2] pred_wh = tf.expand_dims(pred_wh, axis=4) pred_wh_half = pred_wh /2. pred_xymin = pred_xy - pred_wh_half pred_xymax = pred_xy + pred_wh_half # [b, 40, 5] => [b, 1, 1, 1, 40, 5] true_boxes_grid = tf.reshape(gt_boxes_grid, \ [gt_boxes_grid.shape[0], 1, 1 ,1, gt_boxes_grid.shape[1], gt_boxes_grid.shape[2]]) true_xy = true_boxes_grid[...,0:2] true_wh = true_boxes_grid[...,2:4] true_wh_half = true_wh /2. true_xymin = true_xy - true_wh_half true_xymax = true_xy + true_wh_half # predxymin, predxymax, true_xymin, true_xymax # [b,16,16,5,1,2] vs [b,1,1,1,40,2]=> [b,16,16,5,40,2] intersectxymin = tf.maximum(pred_xymin, true_xymin) # [b,16,16,5,1,2] vs [b,1,1,1,40,2]=> [b,16,16,5,40,2] intersectxymax = tf.minimum(pred_xymax, true_xymax) # [b,16,16,5,40,2] intersect_wh = tf.maximum(intersectxymax - intersectxymin, 0.) # [b,16,16,5,40] * [b,16,16,5,40]=>[b,16,16,5,40] intersect_area = intersect_wh[...,0] * intersect_wh[...,1] # [b,16,16,5,1] pred_area = pred_wh[...,0] * pred_wh[...,1] # [b,1,1,1,40] true_area = true_wh[...,0] * true_wh[...,1] # [b,16,16,5,1]+[b,1,1,1,40]-[b,16,16,5,40]=>[b,16,16,5,40] union_area = pred_area + true_area - intersect_area # [b,16,16,5,40] iou_score = intersect_area / union_area # [b,16,16,5] best_iou = tf.reduce_max(iou_score, axis=4) # [b,16,16,5,1] best_iou = tf.expand_dims(best_iou, axis=-1) nonobj_detection = tf.cast(best_iou<0.6, tf.float32) nonobj_mask = nonobj_detection * (1-detector_mask) # nonobj counter n_nonobj = tf.reduce_sum(tf.cast(nonobj_mask>0.,tf.float32)) nonobj_loss = tf.reduce_sum(nonobj_mask * tf.square(-pred_conf))\ /(n_nonobj+1e-6) obj_loss = tf.reduce_sum(detector_mask * tf.square(ious - pred_conf))\ / (n_detector_mask+1e-6) if DEBUG: print("nonobj_loss::",nonobj_loss) print("obj_loss::",obj_loss) loss = coord_loss + class_loss + nonobj_loss + 5 * obj_loss return loss, [nonobj_loss + 5 * obj_loss, class_loss, coord_loss] ``` ### 训练 ``` optimizer = keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=1e-4, beta_1=0.9, beta_2=0.999,epsilon=1e-08) @tf.function def train_step(img,detector_mask, matching_true_boxes, matching_classes_oh, true_boxes): with tf.GradientTape() as tape: y_pred = model(img, training=True) loss, sub_loss = yolo_loss(detector_mask, matching_true_boxes, matching_classes_oh, true_boxes, y_pred) grads = tape.gradient(loss, model.trainable_variables) optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, model.trainable_variables)) return loss, sub_loss ``` ``` def train(epoches=10,steps=30): train_gen = ground_truth_generator(train_db) for epoch in range(epoches): for step in range(steps): img, detector_mask, matching_true_boxes, matching_classes_oh, true_boxes = next(train_gen) loss,sub_loss=train_step(img, detector_mask, matching_true_boxes, matching_classes_oh, true_boxes) print(epoch, step,loss.numpy(), sub_loss[0].numpy(), sub_loss[1].numpy(), sub_loss[2].numpy()) ``` ``` train(10,30) ``` ### 保存权重 ``` model.save_weights('weights/epoch10.ckpt') model.save('model.h5',save_format="h5") ``` ``` # import cv2 # 5.2 def visualize_result(img, model): # [512,512,3] 0~255, BGR img=tf.io.read_file(img) img=tf.io.decode_jpeg(img,channels=3) img=tf.image.resize(img,(IMGSZ,IMGSZ)) img = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(img, tf.float32) # img = cv2.imread(img) # img = img[...,::-1]/255. # img = tf.cast(img, dtype=tf.float32) # [1,512,512,3] img = tf.expand_dims(img, axis=0) # [1,16,16,5,7] y_pred = model(img, training=False) x_grid = tf.tile(tf.range(GRIDSZ), [GRIDSZ]) # [1, 16,16,1,1] x_grid = tf.reshape(x_grid, (1, GRIDSZ, GRIDSZ, 1, 1)) x_grid = tf.cast(x_grid, dtype=tf.float32) y_grid = tf.transpose(x_grid, (0,2,1,3,4)) xy_grid = tf.concat([x_grid,y_grid], axis=-1) # [1, 16, 16, 5, 2] xy_grid = tf.tile(xy_grid, [1, 1, 1, 5, 1]) anchors = np.array(ANCHORS).reshape(5,2) pred_xy = tf.sigmoid(y_pred[...,0:2]) pred_xy = pred_xy + xy_grid # normalize 0~1 pred_xy = pred_xy / tf.constant([16.,16.]) pred_wh = tf.exp(y_pred[...,2:4]) pred_wh = pred_wh * anchors pred_wh = pred_wh / tf.constant([16.,16.]) # [1,16,16,5,1] pred_conf = tf.sigmoid(y_pred[...,4:5]) # l1 l2 pred_prob = tf.nn.softmax(y_pred[...,5:]) pred_xy, pred_wh, pred_conf, pred_prob = \ pred_xy[0], pred_wh[0], pred_conf[0], pred_prob[0] boxes_xymin = pred_xy - 0.5 * pred_wh boxes_xymax = pred_xy + 0.5 * pred_wh # [16,16,5,2+2] boxes = tf.concat((boxes_xymin, boxes_xymax),axis=-1) # [16,16,5,2] box_score = pred_conf * pred_prob # [16,16,5] box_class = tf.argmax(box_score, axis=-1) # [16,16,5] box_class_score = tf.reduce_max(box_score, axis=-1) # [16,16,5] pred_mask = box_class_score > 0.45 # [16,16,5,4]=> [N,4] boxes = tf.boolean_mask(boxes, pred_mask) # [16,16,5] => [N] scores = tf.boolean_mask(box_class_score, pred_mask) # 【16,16，5】=> [N] classes = tf.boolean_mask(box_class, pred_mask) boxes = boxes * 512. # [N] => [n] select_idx = tf.image.non_max_suppression(boxes, scores, 40, iou_threshold=0.3) boxes = tf.gather(boxes, select_idx) scores = tf.gather(scores, select_idx) classes = tf.gather(classes, select_idx) # plot fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, figsize=(10,10)) show_img=tf.cast(img[0],tf.int32) ax.imshow(show_img) n_boxes = boxes.shape[0] ax.set_title('boxes:%d'%n_boxes) for i in range(n_boxes): x1,y1,x2,y2 = boxes[i] w = x2 - x1 h = y2 - y1 label = classes[i].numpy() if label==0: # sugarweet color = (0,1,0) else: color = (1,0,0) rect = patches.Rectangle((x1.numpy(), y1.numpy()), w.numpy(), h.numpy(), linewidth = 3, edgecolor=color,facecolor='none') ax.add_patch(rect) ``` ``` files = [imgs[1],imgs[2],imgs[30],imgs[300],imgs[4000]] for x in files: visualize_result(x, model) plt.show() ``` 原文出处：http://malaoshi.top/show_1EF6OcUAJmA6.html